Moralitys Biological Nature Essay example -- Biology Essays Research

Morality's Biological Nature: Implications for the Attribution of "Good" and "Evil". "A man who has no assured and ever present belief in the existence of a personal God or of a future existence with retribution and reward, can have for his rule of life, as far as I can see, only to follow those impulses and instincts which are the strongest or which seem to him the best ones. . . . If he acts for the good of others, he will receive the approbation of his fellow men and gain the love of those with whom he lives." - Charles Darwin In my last paper "Serial Killers: Just trying to feel normal, it's not my fault" (4) I addressed the question as to whether biology can make us murderers. In my paper I catalogued multiple instances in which biology seems to consistently differ between 'normal' people and individuals who have been dubbed the most immoral, inhuman and evil predators of society. Though I found many biological differences between the normal brain and the murderer's brain, it was not necessarily explained that 'morality' is a common, biologically based aspect of human behavior. The nature of my prior paper was to ascertain whether there is a difference in our brain from that of a killer, but in this paper I explore the biological function of 'morality' and its natural occurrence in the catalogue of human behaviors. Discussing 'morality' as a phenomenon that is inherent in humans will then allow the further exploration of the implications of deviation from this 'norm'. Can these individuals be labeled as 'evil' and be held accountable for their behavior? As the former paper posed implications pertaining to the 'accountability' of a murderer, this paper proposes that these individuals have strayed from the underlying... ...CA/Mail/xmcamail.1997_11.dir/0086.html 3)Brain: The neurobiology of morals. , A small, applicable article. http://www.nature.com/news/1999/991021/full/991021-6.html;jsessionid=DC80A23979EBD5D46DCA819DFA12AC26 4)Serial Killers: Just trying to feel normal, it's not my fault, My last paper. http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro01/web2/Solano.html 5) Origins of Human Mind Revisited, A short article that touched upon some new ideas. http://abcnews.go.com/sections/science/DailyNews/brainyapes980511.html 6) To the objectives for Good Natured., Commentary upon de Waal's book from a college class. http://mlabar.swu.edu/Animal%20Behavior/Comments%20on%20Good%20Natured.htm 7) The Impact of Psychological Research on Christian Beliefs and Practices , A source of challenges, insights and reminders. http://www.st-edmunds.cam.ac.uk/cis/jeeves/lecture3.html

Reasearch metods

Your mission is to apply tools of financial analysis to determine the major causes of Grant's financial problems. If you had been performing this analysis contemporaneously with the release of publicly reported information, when would you have become skeptical of the ability of Grant to continue as a viable going concern? One of the major causes of Grant's financial problem, Is regarding the credit extension and credit terms.These credit terms let consumers only pay $1 for their minimum monthly payments, regardless of the total amount of purchases. This caused Grant to obtain a short-term loan of $600 million to cover the credit of consumer purchases. Another major cause of Grant's financial problem, would be the new product line that he wanted to Implement and It being eliminated from the stores. In addition, numerous stores were also closing which diminished their revenues and chances In reaping the benefit of opening new stores to accommodate the middle-income consumers.From the p ublicly reported Information, I would have become skeptical of the ability f Grant to continue as a viable concern when he Implemented the new strategy of credit extension. The new strategy put W. T. Grant In a position to procure finances from several different banks to absorb the credit from purchases. With the short- term loan not being significant enough to overcome those events, the company had to close a number of stores that were not profitable. The short-term debt Increased almost $20,000 from 1966 to 1967 because of the credit extension to customers and not collecting accounts receivable.Even with the customer Installment receivable Increasing from 1967 to 1968 by almost $30,000, the credit Limit for customer purchases were not being paid fully so the company had to take out more short-term loans. They also had to pull the strategy of Introducing a new product line, which Included furniture and private-brand appliances. The closing of numerous stores would also bring a subs tantial loss of $177 million and a decreases In credit operations accounting. Another problem of Grant continuing as a viable going concern would be the ability for Grant to pay for merchandise.Having a problem tit paying for merchandise will also show a tremendous loss In sales and revenue. This can be seen In the Income statement from sales Increasing, but the net Income decreasing every year since 1972 and having a negative value of 177,340 In year 1975. The retained earnings can also show that In year 1975 the decrease was over $200,000. Research methods By bladderwort One of the major causes of Grant's financial problem, is regarding the credit the new product line that he wanted to implement and it being eliminated from the revenues and chances in reaping the benefit of opening new stores to accommodateFrom the publicly reported information, I would have become skeptical of the ability of Grant to continue as a viable concern when he implemented the new strategy of credit exte nsion. The new strategy put W. T. Grant in a position to procure finances to close a number of stores that were not profitable. The short-term debt increased not collecting accounts receivable. Even with the customer installment receivable increasing from 1967 to 1968 by almost $30,000, the credit limit for customer loans. They also had to pull the strategy of introducing a new product line, which included furniture and private-brand appliances.The closing of numerous stores would also bring a substantial loss of $177 million and a decreases in credit concern would be the ability for Grant to pay for merchandise. Having a problem with paying for merchandise will also show a tremendous loss in sales and revenue. This can be seen in the income statement from sales increasing, but the net income decreasing every year since 1972 and having a negative value of 177,340 in year 1975. The retained earnings can also show that in year 1975 the decrease was over

Biography of Lizzie Borden, Accused Murderer

Lizzie Borden (July 19, 1860–June 1, 1927), also known as  Lizbeth Borden or Lizzie Andrew Borden, is famous—or infamous—for allegedly murdering her father and stepmother in 1892. She was acquitted, but the murders are memorialized in a childrens rhyme: Lizzie Borden took an axeAnd gave her mother forty whacksAnd when she saw what she had doneShe gave her father forty-one. Fast Facts: Lizzie Borden Known For: Accused of killing her father and stepmother with an ax  Born: July 19, 1860 in Fall River, MassachusettsParents: Andrew Jackson Borden, Sarah Anthony, Abby Durfee Gray (stepmother)Died: June 1, 1927 in Fall River, MassachusettsEducation: Morgan Street School, high schoolNotable Quote: Maggie, come quick! Fathers dead. Somebody came in and killed him. Early Life Lizzie Borden was born on July 19, 1860, in Fall River, Massachusetts, the third of three children born to Andrew Jackson Borden (1822–1892) and Sarah Anthony Morse Borden (1823–1863). The eldest was Emma Lenora Borden (1851–1927). A middle child, a daughter, died in infancy. In 1865, Andrew Borden remarried to Abby Durfree Gray (1828–1892), and the couple and their daughters lived mostly quietly and uneventfully until 1892. Lizzie attended the Morgan Street School, which was not far from her home, and the local high school. After graduating, she was active at church by way of teaching Sunday school and serving as secretary of the local Christian Endeavor Society. She was also a member of the Womans Christian Temperance Union and dabbled in the Ladies Fruit and Flower mission. In 1890, Lizzie briefly traveled abroad with some friends. Family Conflict Andrew Borden started out his business career as an undertaker but bought rental properties and went into banking and textile mills as well. At the time of his death, he was a bank president and a director of several textile mills, and estimates said he was worth about $300,000 (about $8.5 million in 2019), not counting his real estate. He was, however, known for being miserly with his money. In contrast to the fathers wealth, the house they lived in was small and shabby, not in the part of town where the rest of Fall River elite society lived, and had neither electricity or indoor plumbing. In 1884 when Andrew gave his wifes half-sister a house, his daughters objected and fought with their stepmother, refusing thereafter to call her mother and calling her simply Mrs. Borden instead. Andrew tried to make peace with his daughters. In  1887, he gave them some funds and allowed them to rent out his old family home: at the time of the murders, Lizzie had a small weekly income and $2,500 in a bank account (what would be $70,000 today). Lizzies Difficulties According to various accounts, Lizzie was mentally disturbed. She was known to be a kleptomaniac—local shopkeepers would check for missing objects after she had been in and send a bill to her father, who paid them. And in 1891, Abbys jewelry box was rifled, after which her father bought locks for his bedroom door. In July 1892, Lizzie and her sister Emma went to visit some friends; Lizzie returned and Emma remained away. In early August, Andrew and Abby Borden were struck with an attack of vomiting, and Mrs. Borden told someone that she suspected poison. John Morse, the brother of Lizzies mother, came to stay at the house. Morse and Andrew Borden went into town together on the morning of August 4. Andrew came home alone. Killings The reconstruction of the crime found that around 9:30 a.m. on August 4, 1892, Abby was hacked to death with an ax, interrupted while she was in the guest bedroom. Andrew arrived about an hour later, met Lizzie and the maid at the door, and went to sleep on the sofa in the sitting room. He was killed, also hacked to death, at roughly 10:45 a.m. The maid, who had earlier been ironing and washing windows, was taking a nap when Lizzie called her to come downstairs. Lizzie said she had been in the barn and returned to find her father dead. After the doctor across the street was called, Abbys body was found. Because Andrew died without a will, his estate went to his daughters, not to Abbys heirs. Lizzie Borden was arrested in the killings. The Trial Lizzie Bordens trial began on June 3, 1893. It was widely covered by the local and national press. Some Massachusetts feminists wrote in Bordens favor. Townspeople split into two camps. Borden did not testify, having told the inquest that she had been searching the barn for fishing equipment and then eating pears outside during the time of the murders. She said, I am innocent. I leave it to my counsel to speak for me. Evidence included a report that shed tried to burn a dress a week after the murders (a friend testified it had been stained with paint)  and reports that she had tried to buy poison just before the murders. The murder weapon was never found for certain—a hatchet head that may have been washed and deliberately made to look dirty was discovered in the cellar. No blood-stained clothes were found. Without direct evidence of Lizzie Bordens part in the murder, the jury was not convinced of her guilt. She was acquitted on June 20, 1893. After the Trial Although the towns social elite supported Lizzie during the trial, they cooled to her after the acquittal. Lizzie remained in Fall River, but she and Emma bought a new and bigger home in the elite part of town that she called Maplecroft, and she began calling herself Lizbeth instead of Lizzie. She dropped her club and charity work and began attending theater performances in Boston. She and Emma had a falling out in 1904 or 1905, possibly over Emmas displeasure at Lizzies friends from the theater crowd. Both Lizzie and Emma also took in many pets and left part of their estates to the Animal Rescue League. At the time of her death, Lizzie was a very wealthy woman; her estate was worth approximately  $250,000, the equivalent of about $7 million in 2019 dollars. Death At the age of 66, Lizzie Borden died of pneumonia in Fall River, Massachusetts, on June 1, 1927, her legend as an accused murderer is still strong. Her sister Emma died a few days later, at her home in Newmarket, New Hampshire. They were both buried next to their father and stepmother. The home in which the murders took place opened as a bed-and-breakfast in 1992. Legacy The World Catalog lists 1,200 entries dedicated to Lizzie Borden, including 580 books, 225 articles, 120 videos, and 90 theatrical pieces, the latter including ballets, operas, plays, television and movie scripts, and musical scores. Google Scholar lists over 4,500 entries, including 150 in 2018 alone. There are other accused and convicted murderers who attract more attention, of course, but there is a seemingly unending fascination with this particular story, primarily speculation about why this Victorian middle-class woman may have killed her family. Among all the literature, books, movies and other forms of art, postulated possible and impossible hypotheses about why or whether Lizzie Borden did hack her parents to death include:   She was criminally insane, with a dual personality like Jekyll and Hyde.She was irresponsible and ill, and hysteric in the Victorian sense.She was a free spirit who was oppressed by Victorian values.She adored her father who infantilized her, and one day she snapped.She was physically abused by her father and stepmother.She was a victim of incest.She was angry because she missed exercising the social standing she felt she deserved.Her father killed her stepmother and then Lizzie killed him because of it.Somebody else did it (a stranger; a rejected suitor; her uncle; the maid).Her stepmother broke up Lizzies relationship with a lover.She was involved in a lesbian affair with the maid and the parents found out.She was in love with her sisters suitor.For the money. Sources Bartle, Ronald (2017).  Lizzie Borden and the Massachusetts Axe Murders. Sherfield-on-Loddon, Hampshire: Waterside Press.Kent, David and Robert A. Flynn. The Lizzie Borden Sourcebook. Boston: Branden Books, 1992.Lincoln, Victoria. A Private Disgrace: Lizzie Borden by Daylight: (A True Crime Fact Account of the Lizzie Borden Ax Murders). Seraphim Press, 1967.Robertson, Cara W. Representing Miss Lizzie: Cultural Convictions in the Trial of Lizzie Borden. Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities 351 (1996): 351–416. Print.Roggenkamp, Karen S. H. A Front Seat to Lizzie Borden: Julian Ralph, Literary Journalism, and the Construction of Criminal Fact. American Periodicals 8 (1998): 60-77. Print.Schofield, Ann. Lizzie Borden Took an Axe: History, Feminism and American Culture. American Studies 34.1 (1993): 91–103. Print.The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. â€Å"Lizzie Borden.†Ã‚  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 15 July 2018.â€Å"Lizzie Borden.†Ã‚  Famous Trials .

Learning Analytics Is An Educational Application Of Big Data

Learning Analytics Learning analytics is an educational application of â€Å"big data,† a branch of statistical analysis. Learning analytics first appeared in the Horizon Reports in 2011 and although there are differences in the time-to-adopt the reports agree that high levels of adoption will be from now to 2016 (Johnson et al. 2011, p. 1) (Johnson et al. 2012, p. 3) (Johnson et al. 2013, p. 5) (Johnson et al. 2014, p. 38). Learning analytics has the ability to transform education from a standard one–size–fits–all delivery system into a responsive and flexible structure, able to meet students’ academic needs and interests. Adaptive software carefully fine-tunes the course content to keep learners motivated and engaged (Johnson et al. 2014, p. 38). Education–related data on a large scale could provide policymakers and administrators with an indication of local, regional, and national education performance and measure a program’s effectiveness and possible improvements (Johnson et al. 2014, p. 40). Combining learning analytics with student devices that will capture data in real time about how, when, and in what context the devices are used, will construct a dataset can be deeply analysed to gauge student learning (Johnson et al. 2014, p. 40). Why is Learning Analytics important now? Education is embarking on a similar pursuit into new ways to improve student engagement by provide a high-quality, personalized, authentic experience for learners. 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The Vineyard Community Is A Safe Environment For Children...

1. The vineyard community is a safe environment for children between kindergarten through 12th grade between the hours 3 pm- to 6pm. The vineyard is a community center for children where they engage in different actives, where they do their homework, worship and enjoy time together. The vineyard provides a variety of services for the community. One thing I liked about the vineyard is how much the community cares and value the children receive from the volunteers and staff. The mission of the vineyard is that the children from all different schools are brought together for a couple of hours to engage in different activities to learn and grow as a whole. The vineyard has an enormous impact on the community it keeps the children safe, and helping them with their everyday life afterschool. For example, helping them with their homework making the children think about certain situations, also they feed the children dinner which is a very lovely. During my time at the vineyard the populat ion of children I worked with ranged from kindergarten to 3rd graders. I had a lot of one on one time with one 2nd grader who always loved to show me what he could do also what he was struggling with. The vineyard really did bring all the families together. The vineyard is a very positive and safe environment for everyone. 2. I did several activities with several children. One activity I did with a child was connected to using Piaget preoperational stage. Which means the child use ofShow MoreRelatedThe Film American History X1248 Words   |  5 PagesThe film American History X begins with an average American middle-class family; four well-behaved children and two all-American parents living in Long Beach, California. The father is killed in a shooting, leaving his eldest son, Derek, the head of the household. 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Managerial Economics in Global Environment†MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Managerial Economics in Global Environment. Answer: Introduction: US housing sector crisis is one of the most dared crisis that the world economy has ever faced since the great depression of 1929 (Kumhof et al. 2015). Due to the subprime mortgage crisis, record reduction in the housing price has been prevailed in the US economy for almost 6 years (Summers 2015). With successive stimulus package and through policy reforms, US government has gauged the situation largely; however, according to the purview of the economists, the country is yet to face another GFC like situation. Through this report, an economic article Are we heading toward another subprime mortgage crisis? published in CNN will be discussed from the perspective of various economic tools like supply and demand, scarcity, elasticity and comparative advantage. The report is meant analyse and understand the language and tools of economic analysis of a contemporary economic news article and find out how economic tools are used in economic news reports. The selected article highlights the US subprime mortgage situation, where it has portrayed the pre 2006 and present situation with through the analysis of difference in key economic factors. The report has pointed that the US economy is presently facing gap in the demand and supply due to rise in price and substantially ineffective demand (Poole, 2018). In addition to this, the report highlights that though there is governmental presence to support any market failure in present day, lack of principal in the market economy is yet to bring in crippling blow to the economy. This would not only affect the comparative advantage that the US housing enjoys at present days, moreover hamper the US insurance sector too. Lastly, it is important to highlight that the report argues lack of active participation of the Fed and rise in rate of interest in successive quarters is aimed to encourage foreign investment, however volatility is constraining the same from moving in. It will not only hamper the US economy in future but also can bring in another financial crisis within coming years. Theoretical economic concepts according to the article: The chosen article is based on the economic theories like supply and demand, elasticity, trade and comparative advantage. From the idea of distortion in the housing price and housing demand promote that there is certain demand and supply gap in the US housing market (Glaeser and Gyourko 2018). Besides this, the article also highlights that though there is rise in price of the houses, yet the supplies hasnt increased as much it should be. In addition to this, it can also been traced from the article that during 2000 to 2006, housing price of the US market is one of the lowest in the developed nations, that provided it comparative advantage and it has sourced much needed foreign investment in the housing sector (Wagner and Wied 2017)). It has lead to raise the price further and ultimately turn into subprime mortgage bubble. From the figure 1, it can be seen that over the year since 1991, Housing price of US has been rising since 2006, and then it started to fall. This depicts that, within the period of two decades, US housing demand has also rose substantially to support the price rise and once there is market volatility, price started to fall (Ferrero 2015). Since 2013, price started to rise again, however it fails to penetrate the market as effectively as pre 2006 condition (Poole, 2018). Financial crisis of the US was mainly originated from the lack of market discipline owing to the presence of huge private investment. Excess supply of the foreign investment lead to rise in the infrastructural development and on the other hand subprime mortgage took undue advantage of this development. Due to lack of presence of government in the housing sector, price of the houses started to sky rocket and once the subprime mortgage bubble busted, it lead the insurance firms become bankrupted (Mian and Sufi 2015). As a counter measurement, Fannie and Freddie invested $200 billion in the market to prevent the failure of the Bear. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform was introduced by the Obama government and by the end of 2010; Consumer Protection Act came into force (Culp 2015). According to the xxx, Federal Housing Finance Agency was developed by the US government in order to win the confidence of the domestic mortgage industry through allocating $300 billion fund for the 400,000 homeowne rs (Markham 2015). From the economic terms, these reforms can be considered as the government expenditure, which can enhance the aggregate demand effectively to introduce growth in all the sectors. In this regard it is also important to mention that, reduction in the foreign investment in the housing sector due to volatility in the market has hampered the comparative advantage of the US housing sector. Thus, government was forced to reduce the credit score from 660 to 630 to provide loans (Agarwal et al. 2015). Economic discrepancies of the article: According to the economic theory of supply and demand, if there is rise in price, then it would lead to fall in quantity demanded (considering that the good is normal good), where as the producers will be willing to produce more output at the enhanced price rate (Azevedo and Leshno 2016). This can create the excessive supply and lead to fall in the price again. Comparing the US housing market with the supply and demand theory, it can be seen that though there is rise in price in present day, number of houses available are falling (Keyens 2016). From the figure 3, it can be seen that the housing market of the US is lacking in supply though there is rise in price as shown in the figure 2 above. According to the figure 3, it can be observed that most of the reputed cities in the US have only 1 house to sale among total available houses, though there is rise in price. This contradicts the basic law of supply and demand. Analysing the market condition from the scare resource perspective, it can be seen that housing being a normal good is inelastic in nature (Atalay et al. 2016). According to the law of elasticity, if a there is rise in price of normal good, then it will hamper the consumption slightly compared to inferior and luxury good (Harrison 2016). However, considering the case of US housing market, it can be seen that rising price of the affordable housing has effectively reduced the demand of the houses. Kripke (2018) highlights that, maiden buyers of the houses in US has fallen from 40% to 30% during last decade due to rise in price of the available houses. Conclusion: Above discussion has portrayed that with rise in the cost of houses in the US economy, and the affordable housing lobby backed by the Fed is again leading the US economy on the verge of destruction. Housing price is enhancing day by day and the gap between the supply and demand is falling apart largely. With reduction in the capital flow in the US economy it is ought to face another financial crisis. Presently with stimuli to the rise in price due to the US backing in the affordable housing project, the economy is yet to face another breakdown because credit rating is low that has stopped the capital inflow and volatility in the market is another factor that can lead to deterioration of the situation. Reference: Agarwal, S., Chomsisengphet, S., Mahoney, N. and Stroebel, J., 2015. Do banks pass through credit expansions? The marginal profitability of consumer lending during the great recession. Atalay, K., Barrett, G. and Edwards, F., 2016.Housing wealth effects on labour supply: evidence from Australia. Mimeo, University of Sydney. Azevedo, E.M. and Leshno, J.D., 2016. A supply and demand framework for two-sided matching markets.Journal of Political Economy,124(5), pp.1235-1268. Culp, C.L., 2015. OTC-Cleared Derivatives: Benefits, Costs, and Implications of the'Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act'. Ferrero, A., 2015. House price booms, current account deficits, and low interest rates.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,47(S1), pp.261-293. Glaeser, E. and Gyourko, J., 2018. The economic implications of housing supply.Journal of Economic Perspectives,32(1), pp.3-30. Harrison, J., 2016.Law and Economics in a Nutshell. West Academic. Keynes, J.M., 2016.General theory of employment, interest and money. Atlantic Publishers Dist. Kripke, P. (2018).Are we headed for another housing collapse?. [online] New York Post. Available at: https://nypost.com/2017/09/02/are-we-headed-for-another-housing-collapse/ [Accessed 18 Mar. 2018]. Kumhof, M., Rancire, R. and Winant, P., 2015. Inequality, leverage, and crises.American Economic Review,105(3), pp.1217-45. Markham, J.W., 2015.A financial history of modern US corporate scandals: From Enron to reform. Routledge. Mian, A. and Sufi, A., 2015.House of debt: How they (and you) caused the Great Recession, and how we can prevent it from happening again. University of Chicago Press. Poole, W. (2018).Are we heading toward another subprime mortgage crisis?. [online] CNN. Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/2017/03/14/opinions/risk-of-another-housing-crisis-poole/index.html [Accessed 18 Mar. 2018]. Summers, L.H., 2015. Demand side secular stagnation.American Economic Review,105(5), pp.60-65. Wagner, M. and Wied, D., 2017. Consistent Monitoring of Cointegrating Relationships: The US Housing Market and the Subprime Crisis.Journal of Time Series Analysis,38(6), pp.960-980.

The Story Of Noahs Ark Essay Example For Students

The Story Of Noahs Ark Essay In Judeo-Christian mythology, one of the best recognized stories from the Old Testament is the story of Noah and the Ark, and how they survived Gods great flood. This story is a common one throughout many mid-east cultures, both past and present. The most notable of these is in the ancient Mesopotamian mythology, with the story of Utnapishtim and his story of survival of the gods wrath. Though both are telling what is assumed to be a tale of the same event, there are many similarities as well as differences in certain details of the story. Although some of these differing aspects are for the most part, fairly trivial, some of them are quite drastic from one version to the other. The source of the myth in the two cultures is quite different, as well as the way the story narrated. In the case of the ancient Mesopotamian version of the myth, it is found in The Epic of Gilgamesh. We will write a custom essay on The Story Of Noahs Ark specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It is told to Gilgamesh by Utnapishtim when Gilgamesh encounters him while on his quest for the plant of everlasting life. Here we have a first hand account of the flood, by one of the sole survivors of the flood, the tale itself is found in an epic of a great king, which wasnt exactly revered as a sacred book in the Mesopotamian culture, but was still treated with a great deal of respect. This is quite from the ancient Hebrew account of the flood. In the Old Testament, it is presumably Moses who is telling the story of Noah in the book of Genesis. In this case, we have a second hand account of the story, found in what is considered to be a sacred piece of scripture, as written by one of the most important figures of the religion. The reason that man was to be exterminated from the face of the earth is also different in both myths. In the Mesopotamian version of the story, man was becoming an inconvenience for the gods he was so loud due to his numbers that he was keeping the gods up at night. Because man was causing this disruption, Enlil approaches the other gods and they agree to get rid of man by way of a great flood, so that they may sleep at night once again. Utnapishtim is warned by Ea through a dream, and is instructed with a rough guide to the dimensions, to build a great barque for himself and his family, animals, craftsmen, and all of Utnapishtims belongings. This is an extreme contrast to what is found in the Hebrew version. In that account, man was becoming too evil for God to bear, and so it was decided by God that due to his wickedness, he should be wiped off the earth. In this case, man was not an inconvenience, he was just not in favour with God. Noah was the only one out of all of man who was still in Gods favour. So God came to Noah and told him to also build a barque, also with the exact dimensions given, and instructed Noah to bring on board his family, their families, and two, a male and female, of all the animals of the world. However, there is no mention of this news of a flood coming to Noah in a dream, nor of him being permitted to bring with him any other humans besides his immediate family, and their wives. Also, the amount of detail regarding the dimensions of the barque is quite different. In the Biblical story, the dimensions are very explicit, with length, width, and height given. However, in the Mesopotamian story, the dimensions are not as precise, giving only a rough guide as to what the boat should look like. The final warning before the flood is different in each version also. In the Hebrew account of the flood, once Noah has completed the construction of the Ark, God tells him to go out and collect a male and its mate from every type of animal and bird, and that in seven days, he shall bring forth the floodwaters and destroy man. .u778782768fd878aa26916d5b1884587f , .u778782768fd878aa26916d5b1884587f .postImageUrl , .u778782768fd878aa26916d5b1884587f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u778782768fd878aa26916d5b1884587f , .u778782768fd878aa26916d5b1884587f:hover , .u778782768fd878aa26916d5b1884587f:visited , .u778782768fd878aa26916d5b1884587f:active { border:0!important; } .u778782768fd878aa26916d5b1884587f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u778782768fd878aa26916d5b1884587f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u778782768fd878aa26916d5b1884587f:active , .u778782768fd878aa26916d5b1884587f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u778782768fd878aa26916d5b1884587f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u778782768fd878aa26916d5b1884587f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u778782768fd878aa26916d5b1884587f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u778782768fd878aa26916d5b1884587f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u778782768fd878aa26916d5b1884587f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u778782768fd878aa26916d5b1884587f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u778782768fd878aa26916d5b1884587f .u778782768fd878aa26916d5b1884587f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u778782768fd878aa26916d5b1884587f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Chemistry social issues Essay In the Mesopotamian version of this aspect, there is not as much of an advanced warning given. Shamash comes to Utnapishtim and says that when the Rider of the Storm arrives that evening, to enter the barque and batten it down. Though in both stories, the hero is given some advanced warning as to when the flood will begin, in the Mesopotamian version Utnapishtim is not given as great of a length of time as Noah was able to enjoy to get everything loaded aboard. The duration of the flood is different between the two versions also. In the Mesopotamian account, the flood is said to have began in the morning after the arrival of the Rider of the Storm, and lasted for six days and six nights. It also states that the assistance of the gods of the Underworld was enlisted to help bring down the dykes and release the waters of the flood.Utnapishtim says to Gilgamesh that the flood was so dreadful that even the gods of the heavens were in fear of what the gods of the Underworld were doing, and that they retreated to the highest level of the heavens, that occupied by Anu. In the Hebrew description of the actual flood itself, it was said that it lasted forty days and forty nights, not the single week as was stated in the Mesopotamian account. It was also Gods wrath that man was suffering, and the creatures of the Underworld were in no way involved in this destruction of man, as man had brought this upon himself with his own wickedness. In the Mesopotamian myth, on the seventh day of the flood, the rain stopped and the water grew calm. Utnapishtim looked around for land, and saw the summit of the Mountain of Nisir. Utnapishtim then set the boat aground on the top of the mountain and there it sat for a week before Utnapishtim began to see if the earth had dried off yet. First he let a dove loose to see if the water had receded yet, but it returned when it had nowhere to land. Utnapishtim then let a swallow loose, but to no avail, as it too returned. He then let a raven loose. The raven saw that the water had since retreated, found something to eat, flew around, cawed, and then did not return. In the Hebrew story, Noah first set out a raven, which flew around until the waters had dried up. Noah then let a dove loose, but it returned because it had nowhere to land. Noah then waited seven days to release the dove again. This time it came back with an olive leaf. Noah waited seven more days, and released the dove a third time. This time it did not return, for it had found somewhere to go as the water had since dried up. The only noticeable difference between these two aspects of the story, would be the birds used and the length of time required for the waters of the flood to recede to a point at which man is able to again walk on dry land.The last point regarding the two stories is that of the sacrifice to God or the gods after the floodwaters had retreated to a point that man was able to return to the land. In the Mesopotamian account of the myth, Utnapishtim made a sacrifice to the gods on top of the Mountain of Nisir, after he let the animals and others free from the barque. All the gods were able to smell the sacrifice, and came to it. Ishtar was also able to smell the sacrifice and came to it. She then says that she will not forget these days of the flood, and instructed the other gods to remember it also. .u54c5468ccab39a9bc0de9ea2714fcc53 , .u54c5468ccab39a9bc0de9ea2714fcc53 .postImageUrl , .u54c5468ccab39a9bc0de9ea2714fcc53 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u54c5468ccab39a9bc0de9ea2714fcc53 , .u54c5468ccab39a9bc0de9ea2714fcc53:hover , .u54c5468ccab39a9bc0de9ea2714fcc53:visited , .u54c5468ccab39a9bc0de9ea2714fcc53:active { border:0!important; } .u54c5468ccab39a9bc0de9ea2714fcc53 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u54c5468ccab39a9bc0de9ea2714fcc53 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u54c5468ccab39a9bc0de9ea2714fcc53:active , .u54c5468ccab39a9bc0de9ea2714fcc53:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u54c5468ccab39a9bc0de9ea2714fcc53 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u54c5468ccab39a9bc0de9ea2714fcc53 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u54c5468ccab39a9bc0de9ea2714fcc53 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u54c5468ccab39a9bc0de9ea2714fcc53 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u54c5468ccab39a9bc0de9ea2714fcc53:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u54c5468ccab39a9bc0de9ea2714fcc53 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u54c5468ccab39a9bc0de9ea2714fcc53 .u54c5468ccab39a9bc0de9ea2714fcc53-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u54c5468ccab39a9bc0de9ea2714fcc53:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Franklin Delano Roosevelt Essay SignificanceShe then told all the gods except Enlil to gather around it. Enlil was excluded from the sacrifice by Ishtar because he brought about the flood and destroyed man. Enlil, however, came and saw the sacrifice, and was filled with anger that man had survived. Ea then stands up to Enlil on behalf of Utnapishtim, and asks how Enlil could have brought about such destruction on to man. Ea then leaves Utnapishtim to the mercy of Enlil. Enlil takes Utnapishtim and his wife, blesses them, giving them longevity and places them at the mouth of the rivers to live. In the Hebrew version of this last aspect of the story of the flood, Noah lets all the animals off of the Ark, and then he makes a sacrifice to God, just as Utnapishtim did. God smelled this sacrifice and came to it. God blessed Noah, his family, and all the animals and birds, and told them to be fruitful and multiply in number. God then established a covenant with Noah, saying that he shall never again curse the earth again with such a flood. As a sign of his intentions, God set a rainbow in the clouds, and said to Noah that when ever he brings clouds over the earth again, he will see the rainbow and remember his covenant with Noah. This is not much different from the Mesopotamian myth. In both cases the gods or God said that they would remember the flood, and Utnapishtim or Noah, which ever the case may be was blessed. In the Mesopotamian myth however, there is no mention of a covenant with the land or Utnapishtim to never curse the earth in such a manner again.Though both of these stories are telling a tale of what was no doubt, the same event, there are many discrepancies between the two. From details surrounding the structure of the barque, to the actual length of the flood itself, there are many differences between the two accounts. At the same time however, there are many similarities between the myths. The fact that both said that a bird was the way which the respective hero was able to tell whether or not the waters had receded, and the fact that both tales say that the gods or God would remember the flood are examples of this. The truth of the matter is that, regardless of whether or not there are discrepancies between the two tales, the fact that both are describing the same occurance is truly remarkable and definitely says something about the cataclysmic impact which this event must have had on the ancient world.